Adamawa
People
Adamawa State is characterized by its diverse population, consisting of numerous indigenous ethnic groups, each contributing to the vibrant cultural mosaic of the region. Among the prominent ethnic groups are the Bwatiye, Bali, Bata, Gudu, Mbula-Bwazza, Nungurab, Kamwe, Jibu, Kilba, Marghi, Waga, Wula, and Mumuye. These communities have distinct languages, traditions, and social structures, enriching the fabric of Adamawa’s society.
The Fulani people also have a significant presence in Adamawa State, often living as nomadic herders and contributing to the state’s economic activities. This diversity fosters a spirit of tolerance and coexistence, with interactions between different ethnic groups shaping the cultural identity of Adamawa.
Culture
The cultural landscape of Adamawa State is marked by a blend of indigenous traditions, religious practices, and colonial influences. Traditional ceremonies and festivals are integral to the social fabric, providing opportunities for communities to celebrate their heritage through music, dance, and attire.
The state’s traditional rulers, known as “lamidos” or emirs, play crucial roles in preserving cultural heritage and maintaining social cohesion. Their authority extends beyond administrative functions, as they serve as custodians of local history and arbiters of disputes within their domains.
Art and craftsmanship also thrive in Adamawa, with skilled artisans producing intricate wood carvings, pottery, textiles, and jewelry. These artistic expressions reflect the richness of the region’s cultural heritage and serve as sources of pride for its inhabitants.
Economy
Adamawa’s economy revolves primarily around agriculture, with fertile lands supporting a variety of crops and livestock. The region’s agricultural produce includes cotton, groundnuts, millet, cassava, guinea corn, and yams, providing livelihoods for a significant portion of the population.
Livestock farming, particularly cattle rearing, is a key economic activity in Adamawa State. The Fulani herders, known for their expertise in animal husbandry, contribute to the state’s livestock industry, which supplies meat, dairy, and other products to local markets and beyond.
In addition to agriculture, Adamawa is endowed with natural resources such as limestone, tantalite, and kaoline, offering potential for industrial development and economic diversification. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited access to credit, and fluctuating global markets pose obstacles to realizing the full economic potential of the state.
Politics
Since its creation in 1991, Adamawa State has experienced various political transitions, with successive administrations shaping its governance and policies. The state has seen leaders from both military and civilian backgrounds, each leaving their mark on its political landscape.
Historically, Adamawa has ties to the Fulani Jihad and the Sokoto Caliphate, with traditional rulers playing significant roles in local governance. However, the state’s political dynamics also reflect broader national trends, including shifts in party politics, electoral dynamics, and governance structures.
Since its formation on August 27, 1991, following the division of Gongola State, Adamawa State in Nigeria has been led by a series of administrators and governors. Abubakar Saleh Michika served as the state’s first governor from January 2, 1992, until November 17, 1993, under the platform of the National Republican Convention (NRC). Subsequently, Gregory Agboneni, Com. Yohanna Madaki, Joe Kalu-Igboama, and Ahmadu Hussaini held administrative positions from December 1993 to May 1999 under military regimes. Boni Haruna then assumed office as governor on May 29, 1999, representing the People’s Democratic Party (PDP), leading the state until May 29, 2007. He was succeeded by Murtala Nyako, also from the PDP, who served from May 2007 to February 2008 and later from April 2008 to July 2014, with a brief interim by James Shaibu Barka. Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri and Bala James Ngilari followed suit as governors from July 2014 to October 2014 and from October 2014 to May 2015, respectively, both under the PDP. Bindo Jibrilla took office as governor on May 29, 2015, representing the All-Progressives Congress (APC), serving until May 29, 2019. Presently, Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri, once again, holds the position of governor since May 29, 2019, representing the PDP.
pcl. State Performance Index
The pcl. State Performance Index provides a comprehensive assessment of Abia State's overall performance, combining primary survey data with data from credible sources. In summary, Abia State achieved a PSPI Score of -0.32, ranking 36th out of 37 states with a BBB rating, indicating Under Performance.
Summary of Analysis
Abia State’s assessment reveals a sub-optimal utilisation of its socioeconomic potential, compounded by the pessimistic perspectives voiced by its citizens in our survey. This combined evaluation results in Abia State receiving a BB rating, indicating “under-performance,” and securing the 36th overall ranking. Abia State requires significant improvement across all other indicators except for literacy rate and the capital expenditure to budget ratio. Additionally, effective management of citizens’ perceptions of performance is crucial. Abia State should prioritise strengthening public institutions, investing in infrastructure, and fostering human capital development.
Outlook for Adamawa State: Positive
The outlook for Abia State remains positive, contingent upon several key factors:
1. Political Shift: The recent election victory of Mr Alex Otti from the Labour Party heralds a promising change in Abia State’s political landscape. The public’s optimism suggests a heightened focus on people-centric governance, potentially translating into improved overall administration.
2. Private Sector Expertise: Governor Alex Otti’s background in the private sector, notably as a seasoned banker, injects valuable expertise into the state’s leadership. While promising, potential conflicts with the public service require careful management to ensure effective collaboration and governance.
3. Innovative Local Governance: A groundbreaking shift in local governance sees accomplished individuals and former military leaders appointed as mayors, a departure from traditional political appointments. While not constitutionally mandated, this innovative approach aims to engage elites in government, fostering efficient local administration and promising prosperity.
4. Infrastructural Drive: The prioritisation of major road projects, including the Aba-Port Harcourt road constructed by Julius Berger, underscores the commitment to transformative infrastructure. Well-connected roads are vital for trade and hold the potential to drive holistic state development.
5. Resource Optimisation: Abia State possesses untapped resources, including gas reserves and a skilled workforce. Effective utilisation of these assets is a key driver for growth and could significantly impact the state’s economic outlook.
While the current positive outlook is a good starting point for Abia state, it is crucial to recognise and confront specific challenges that have the potential to hinder further progress. These challenges include:
1. Early Politicking for the Next Elections: Due to the Labour Party movement in the Southeast and the need for the ruling party at the centre to gain more grounds, politicians and leaders in Abia might become preoccupied with preparing for the next elections soon after taking office. This early focus on political campaigns and securing future positions can divert attention and resources away from governance and addressing the immediate needs of the state’s residents. It may result in less effective governance and slower progress on important issues.
2. Ongoing Agitation in the Southeast: The Southeast region of Nigeria has experienced agitation and unrest in recent years, with various groups and movements expressing their grievances and demands. If not well managed, these ongoing tensions and protests could disrupt peace and stability in Abia State. It might create an environment of uncertainty that hampers economic activities, investments, and overall development efforts. Therefore, effectively addressing and managing these regional tensions is essential for continued progress in the state
Recommendations for Sustainable Progress
To ensure sustainable progress and growth and move Abia State to a positive outlook, the following recommendations should be considered:
1. Enhanced citizen Engagement: Abia State should prioritise engaging with its citizens through regular town hall meetings, consultations with key stakeholders, and transparent communication. Involving citizens in policymaking is essential for effective governance.
2. Political Solution for Agitation: The state government should engage with the federal government to find a lasting political solution to the ongoing agitation in the Southeast, fostering peace and stability.
3. Infrastructure Revolution: Commence an infrastructure revolution in the state using creative means such as concessions, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and project finance. This will enhance the state’s physical and economic development.
4. Strengthen Public Institutions: Pay attention to the traditional institutions and public service to ensure effective service delivery for the benefit of the public. Strengthening institutions is crucial for governance and development.
5. Maximise Domestic Trade: Improve tax reforms, enhance market access and development, and invest in transportation infrastructure to maximise opportunities for domestic trade. This will stimulate economic growth and create employment opportunities.
6. Inter-State Collaboration for Progress: Collaborate with other state governments across Nigeria, drawing lessons from states like Akwa Ibom, Jigawa, Kwara, Gombe, and Kogi in various areas such as infrastructure development, job creation, financial inclusion, public institution strengthening, and the preservation of social and cultural values. Learning from the experiences of successful states can help Abia State bridge gaps and achieve its development goals.
By implementing these recommendations and focusing on the identified areas of improvement, Abia State can further solidify its position as a prosperous and stable state within Nigeria, contributing to its continuous growth and development.
Fact Sheet
Internally Generated Revenue
18.65 B
Y-o-Y
-5%
Per Capital Income
943,526.99
Y-o-Y
10
PMS Price
643.13
Y-o-Y
248%
Budget Size
160.52 B
Y-o-Y
9
Capital Expenditure
45.42 B
Y-o-Y
4%
Operating Expenditure
54.88B
Y-o-Y
1
Inflation Rate
29%
Y-o-Y
32%
Unemployment Rate
50.10%
Y-o-Y
5
Poverty Rate
10.7%
Y-o-Y
-65%
Infant Mortality Rate
115
Y-o-Y
37%
Literacy Rate
89
Y-o-Y
-7%
FAAC Allocation
82.95 B
Y-o-Y
35%
Data Source
National Bureau of Statistics:
▪ FAAC Allocation – 2022
▪ Inflation rate – 2022 – 2023
▪ PMS Price – 2022/23 Q4
▪ GDP – 2021 & 2022
▪ Mineral resources The World Bank
▪ Ease of doing business report
Kingmakers State of States Report
▪ Population
▪ Employment rate
▪ Mortality rate
▪ Literacy rate
Statista
▪ Unemployment Rate – 2020
NGF Digital Repository
▪ Capital and Operating Expenditure
▪ IGR
▪ Domestic and Foreign Debts
State Government Websites
▪ Budget Sizes – 2022 & 2023
Entering your name, email address and clicking “Submit” means you agree to receive updates about the work we do at pSPI. Phillips consulting will never spam you. Please, click here to learn more about how we protect your privacy.
Join us in shaping your state's future! Participate in PCL surveys to contribute to the State Performance Index report. Your input drives positive change.
Error: Contact form not found.