Kwara
People
Kwara State has a population that hovers around 3.2 million people, a number that reflects a mix of urban and rural dwellers spread across its sixteen local government areas. The state’s capital, Ilorin, serves as a major urban center.
Kwara State is home to several ethnic groups, with the Yoruba being the predominant group, especially in the central and southern parts of the state. Other significant ethnic groups include the Nupe, who are primarily found in the northern parts of the state, and the Bariba and Fulani, who are scattered across various regions. Each of these ethnic groups contributes to the state’s cultural diversity, with their unique traditions, festivals, and ways of life. The Yoruba influence is particularly notable in the state’s cultural expressions, governance, and social organization, given their numerical and historical prominence in the region.
The linguistic landscape of Kwara State is as diverse as its people, with several languages spoken across its territory. Yoruba and its various dialects dominate the linguistic scene, especially in the southern and central areas, while Nupe is widely spoken in the northern parts. Other languages such as Bariba, Fulfulde (the language of the Fulani), and Hausa, reflecting the state’s position as a crossroads between the northern and southern parts of Nigeria, are also spoken. This multilingual environment not only highlights the state’s ethnic diversity but also fosters a sense of unity and mutual understanding among its inhabitants. The people of Kwara, through their interactions and shared experiences, continue to build a cohesive community that respects and celebrates its rich cultural diversity.
Culture
Kwara State, often referred to as the ‘State of Harmony’, consists various group of cultures and traditions, reflecting the diversity of the ethnic groups that call it home. The state’s culture is a vibrant tapestry woven from the customs, festivals, art, and music of the Yoruba, Nupe, Bariba, Fulani, and other communities residing within its borders. This rich cultural blend is evident in the daily lives of the people, their social interactions, and the various traditional events celebrated with pomp and pageantry throughout the year.
One of the most captivating aspects of Kwara’s culture is its festivals, which are celebrated with great enthusiasm and serve as a window into the soul of its people. The Argungu Fishing Festival, although more closely associated with Kebbi State, has its echoes in Kwara due to the shared cultural heritage with the Nupe people, who also celebrate similar fishing festivals. The Yam Festival is another significant event, celebrated by many of the state’s ethnic groups, marking the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the harvest. These festivals, along with marriage ceremonies, naming ceremonies, and chieftaincy title celebrations, are vibrant displays of Kwara’s rich cultural heritage, featuring traditional music, dance, and colorful attire that tell stories of the people’s history and values.
Economy
Kwara State’s economy, with its multifaceted sectors, presents a unique blend of traditional and modern economic activities, reflecting both its rich cultural heritage and its aspirations for growth and development. The state’s economic sector is primarily dominated by agriculture, manufacturing, and services, each contributing in various ways to the state’s GDP and employment.Agriculture is a key part of Kwara State’s economy, engaging a significant portion of the population in both subsistence and commercial farming. The state’s fertile land and favorable climate conditions make it ideal for the cultivation of a wide range of crops. Cash crops such as cotton, cocoa, and tobacco are grown alongside food crops like yam, cassava, maize, and rice. Kwara also has a flourishing livestock sector, with cattle, poultry, and fish farming being significant contributors.
Although still in its developmental stages, the manufacturing sector in Kwara State shows potential for significant growth. The sector is characterized by a mix of small to medium-sized enterprises engaged in the production of goods ranging from textiles and garments to food processing and packaging, furniture making, and the production of household items.
Recently the state has made significant investment in the ICT sector, giving empowerment,and creating atmosphere for the sector to thrive.
Politics
Kwara State, located in the North Central region of Nigeria, has a rich political history that reflects the broader dynamics of Nigerian politics, including the interplay of power, ethnicity, and party politics. Since its creation in 1967, the state has experienced various political shifts, influenced by both military and civilian administrations. The political landscape in Kwara has been significantly shaped by the Saraki family, with the late Dr. Olusola Saraki, a prominent figure in Nigerian politics, playing a pivotal role in the state’s political direction for decades.
The transition to civilian rule in 1999 marked a new era in Kwara State’s politics, with the state witnessing a series of governors from then till the present. Mohammed Lawal was the first elected governor in this era, serving from 1999 to 2003 under the banner of the All-People’s Party (APP), which later became the All-Nigeria People’s Party (ANPP). However, the Saraki political dynasty continued to wield significant influence with the election of Dr. Bukola Saraki, Olusola Saraki’s son, as governor from 2003 to 2011 under the platform of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP). Following his tenure, Abdulfatah Ahmed, also of the PDP and a protégé of Bukola Saraki, served as governor from 2011 to 2019.
The 2019 gubernatorial elections, however, marked a significant shift in Kwara State’s political landscape with the election of AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq of the All-ProgressivesCongress (APC), signaling a break from the Saraki political dynasty’s dominance. This change was heralded by the “O to ge” campaign, which means “enough is enough” in the Yoruba language, reflecting the populace’s desire for new political leadership and direction. AbdulRazaq’s victory was seen as a reflection of the people’s call for change and a move towards addressing issues such as economic development, infrastructure, and social welfare more effectively. The political evolution of Kwara State continues to be a subject of interest for observers, as it mirrors the complexities and dynamism of Nigerian politics at large.
pcl. State Performance Index
The pcl. State Performance Index provides a comprehensive assessment of Abia State's overall performance, combining primary survey data with data from credible sources. In summary, Abia State achieved a PSPI Score of -0.32, ranking 36th out of 37 states with a BBB rating, indicating Under Performance.
Summary of Analysis
Abia State’s assessment reveals a sub-optimal utilisation of its socioeconomic potential, compounded by the pessimistic perspectives voiced by its citizens in our survey. This combined evaluation results in Abia State receiving a BB rating, indicating “under-performance,” and securing the 36th overall ranking. Abia State requires significant improvement across all other indicators except for literacy rate and the capital expenditure to budget ratio. Additionally, effective management of citizens’ perceptions of performance is crucial. Abia State should prioritise strengthening public institutions, investing in infrastructure, and fostering human capital development.
Outlook for Kwara State: Positive
The outlook for Kwara State remains positive, contingent upon several key factors:
1. Political Shift: The recent election victory of Mr Alex Otti from the Labour Party heralds a promising change in Abia State’s political landscape. The public’s optimism suggests a heightened focus on people-centric governance, potentially translating into improved overall administration.
2. Private Sector Expertise: Governor Alex Otti’s background in the private sector, notably as a seasoned banker, injects valuable expertise into the state’s leadership. While promising, potential conflicts with the public service require careful management to ensure effective collaboration and governance.
3. Innovative Local Governance: A groundbreaking shift in local governance sees accomplished individuals and former military leaders appointed as mayors, a departure from traditional political appointments. While not constitutionally mandated, this innovative approach aims to engage elites in government, fostering efficient local administration and promising prosperity.
4. Infrastructural Drive: The prioritisation of major road projects, including the Aba-Port Harcourt road constructed by Julius Berger, underscores the commitment to transformative infrastructure. Well-connected roads are vital for trade and hold the potential to drive holistic state development.
5. Resource Optimisation: Abia State possesses untapped resources, including gas reserves and a skilled workforce. Effective utilisation of these assets is a key driver for growth and could significantly impact the state’s economic outlook.
While the current positive outlook is a good starting point for Abia state, it is crucial to recognise and confront specific challenges that have the potential to hinder further progress. These challenges include:
1. Early Politicking for the Next Elections: Due to the Labour Party movement in the Southeast and the need for the ruling party at the centre to gain more grounds, politicians and leaders in Abia might become preoccupied with preparing for the next elections soon after taking office. This early focus on political campaigns and securing future positions can divert attention and resources away from governance and addressing the immediate needs of the state’s residents. It may result in less effective governance and slower progress on important issues.
2. Ongoing Agitation in the Southeast: The Southeast region of Nigeria has experienced agitation and unrest in recent years, with various groups and movements expressing their grievances and demands. If not well managed, these ongoing tensions and protests could disrupt peace and stability in Abia State. It might create an environment of uncertainty that hampers economic activities, investments, and overall development efforts. Therefore, effectively addressing and managing these regional tensions is essential for continued progress in the state
Recommendations for Sustainable Progress
To ensure sustainable progress and growth and move Abia State to a positive outlook, the following recommendations should be considered:
1. Enhanced citizen Engagement: Abia State should prioritise engaging with its citizens through regular town hall meetings, consultations with key stakeholders, and transparent communication. Involving citizens in policymaking is essential for effective governance.
2. Political Solution for Agitation: The state government should engage with the federal government to find a lasting political solution to the ongoing agitation in the Southeast, fostering peace and stability.
3. Infrastructure Revolution: Commence an infrastructure revolution in the state using creative means such as concessions, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and project finance. This will enhance the state’s physical and economic development.
4. Strengthen Public Institutions: Pay attention to the traditional institutions and public service to ensure effective service delivery for the benefit of the public. Strengthening institutions is crucial for governance and development.
5. Maximise Domestic Trade: Improve tax reforms, enhance market access and development, and invest in transportation infrastructure to maximise opportunities for domestic trade. This will stimulate economic growth and create employment opportunities.
6. Inter-State Collaboration for Progress: Collaborate with other state governments across Nigeria, drawing lessons from states like Akwa Ibom, Jigawa, Kwara, Gombe, and Kogi in various areas such as infrastructure development, job creation, financial inclusion, public institution strengthening, and the preservation of social and cultural values. Learning from the experiences of successful states can help Abia State bridge gaps and achieve its development goals.
By implementing these recommendations and focusing on the identified areas of improvement, Abia State can further solidify its position as a prosperous and stable state within Nigeria, contributing to its continuous growth and development.
Fact Sheet
Internally Generated Revenue
18.65 B
Y-o-Y
-5%
Per Capital Income
943,526.99
Y-o-Y
10
PMS Price
643.13
Y-o-Y
248%
Budget Size
160.52 B
Y-o-Y
9
Capital Expenditure
45.42 B
Y-o-Y
4%
Operating Expenditure
54.88B
Y-o-Y
1
Inflation Rate
29%
Y-o-Y
32%
Unemployment Rate
50.10%
Y-o-Y
5
Poverty Rate
10.7%
Y-o-Y
-65%
Infant Mortality Rate
115
Y-o-Y
37%
Literacy Rate
89
Y-o-Y
-7%
FAAC Allocation
82.95 B
Y-o-Y
35%
Data Source
National Bureau of Statistics:
▪ FAAC Allocation – 2022
▪ Inflation rate – 2022 – 2023
▪ PMS Price – 2022/23 Q4
▪ GDP – 2021 & 2022
▪ Mineral resources The World Bank
▪ Ease of doing business report
Kingmakers State of States Report
▪ Population
▪ Employment rate
▪ Mortality rate
▪ Literacy rate
Statista
▪ Unemployment Rate – 2020
NGF Digital Repository
▪ Capital and Operating Expenditure
▪ IGR
▪ Domestic and Foreign Debts
State Government Websites
▪ Budget Sizes – 2022 & 2023
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