Ebonyi
People
Ebonyi State, located in the southeastern region of Nigeria, is home to a diverse population characterized by rich cultural heritage, resilience, and industriousness. The state, created in 1996, is relatively young but boasts a population known for its vibrancy and contributions to the socio-economic landscape of Nigeria.
One of the most prominent aspects of the people of Ebonyi State is their cultural diversity. The state is inhabited by various ethnic groups, with the Igbo being the predominant one. Other ethnic groups such as the Ezza, Izzi, Ikwo, and others also contribute to the rich tapestry of Ebonyi’s cultural identity. Each group brings its unique traditions, languages, and customs, contributing to the vibrant cultural mosaic of the state.
Furthermore, the entrepreneurial spirit of the people of Ebonyi cannot be overlooked. In addition to agriculture, small-scale businesses thrive in the state, ranging from trading to craftsmanship. Markets such as the popular Abakaliki Main Market serve as hubs of commerce, where locals trade goods and services, showcasing their business acumen and determination to succeed.
Culture
The culture of Ebonyi State in Nigeria is like a colorful quilt, gotten from a rich tradition and warm values of its diverse ethnic groups, comprising the Igbo, Ezza, Izzi, and Ikwo. Traditional melodies, accompanied by instruments like the ekwe and ogene, fill the air during celebrations and rituals. Each ethnic group has its own unique dance styles, often performed at festivals and ceremonies. Events like the “Iri Ji” (New Yam Festival) mark the harvest season, where communities come together to give thanks to the gods for the abundance of crops.
Indigenous languages, such as Igbo and various dialects, are spoken alongside English, nurturing intergenerational communication and cultural preservation. Respect for elders and communal decision-making are core values, fostering harmonious relationships and a sense of belonging within the community. Religion is another significant aspect of Ebonyi’s culture, blending traditional beliefs with Christianity.
Economy
The economy of Ebonyi State is driven by agriculture, with the state often referred to as “the salt of the nation” due to its significant contributions to Nigeria’s food security. Agriculture forms the backbone of the economy, generating income for a large percentage of the population. Farmers engage in the cultivation of a variety of crops, including rice, yam, cassava, maize, and vegetables. Rice production has seen significant growth in recent years, with Ebonyi becoming one of the leading rice-producing states in Nigeria. The state government’s initiatives to support farmers through improved access to seeds, fertilizers, and modern farming techniques have contributed to this success. Additionally, the government’s investment in irrigation infrastructure has helped to boost agricultural productivity.
Aside from agriculture, Ebonyi State also has a thriving small-scale business sector. Markets like the Abakaliki Main Market serve as hubs of commerce, where locals engage in trading various goods and services. Ebonyi is rich in mineral resources such as lead, limestone, and salt, offering opportunities for mining and industrial development.
Politics
Since its creation in 1996, Ebonyi State has been an arena for political contestation, with power transitioning among different leaders and parties. The dominant political parties in Ebonyi State have historically been the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and, the All Progressives Congress (APC). These parties have vied for control at various levels of government, including the governorship, state assembly, and federal representation.
Ethnic dynamics also play a significant role in Ebonyi State politics, with the state being home to various ethnic groups, primarily the Igbo, but also including the Ezza, Izzi, and Ikwo, among others. Politicians often mobilize support along ethnic lines, seeking to build coalitions and alliances across different communities to secure electoral victories.
Walter Feghabo served as the inaugural Military Administrator of Ebonyi State in Nigeria from October 1996 to August 1998. He oversaw the state’s early governance following its creation during the military regime of General Sani Abacha. Simeon Oduoye served as the Military Administrator of Ebonyi State from August 1998 to May 1999. Martin Elechi served as the Governor of Ebonyi State from May 29, 2007, to May 29, 2015, representing PDP. He succeeded Sam Egwu and was re-elected for a second term on April 26, 2011. Dave Umahi, also a member of the PDP, assumed the governorship of Ebonyi State on May 29, 2015, succeeding Martin Elechi where he handed over the affairs of the state in 2023 to Rt Hon Francis Ogbonna under the party of the APC.
pcl. State Performance Index
The pcl. State Performance Index provides a comprehensive assessment of Abia State's overall performance, combining primary survey data with data from credible sources. In summary, Abia State achieved a PSPI Score of -0.32, ranking 36th out of 37 states with a BBB rating, indicating Under Performance.
Summary of Analysis
Abia State’s assessment reveals a sub-optimal utilisation of its socioeconomic potential, compounded by the pessimistic perspectives voiced by its citizens in our survey. This combined evaluation results in Abia State receiving a BB rating, indicating “under-performance,” and securing the 36th overall ranking. Abia State requires significant improvement across all other indicators except for literacy rate and the capital expenditure to budget ratio. Additionally, effective management of citizens’ perceptions of performance is crucial. Abia State should prioritise strengthening public institutions, investing in infrastructure, and fostering human capital development.
Outlook for Ebonyi State: Positive
The outlook for Abia State remains positive, contingent upon several key factors:
1. Political Shift: The recent election victory of Mr Alex Otti from the Labour Party heralds a promising change in Abia State’s political landscape. The public’s optimism suggests a heightened focus on people-centric governance, potentially translating into improved overall administration.
2. Private Sector Expertise: Governor Alex Otti’s background in the private sector, notably as a seasoned banker, injects valuable expertise into the state’s leadership. While promising, potential conflicts with the public service require careful management to ensure effective collaboration and governance.
3. Innovative Local Governance: A groundbreaking shift in local governance sees accomplished individuals and former military leaders appointed as mayors, a departure from traditional political appointments. While not constitutionally mandated, this innovative approach aims to engage elites in government, fostering efficient local administration and promising prosperity.
4. Infrastructural Drive: The prioritisation of major road projects, including the Aba-Port Harcourt road constructed by Julius Berger, underscores the commitment to transformative infrastructure. Well-connected roads are vital for trade and hold the potential to drive holistic state development.
5. Resource Optimisation: Abia State possesses untapped resources, including gas reserves and a skilled workforce. Effective utilisation of these assets is a key driver for growth and could significantly impact the state’s economic outlook.
While the current positive outlook is a good starting point for Abia state, it is crucial to recognise and confront specific challenges that have the potential to hinder further progress. These challenges include:
1. Early Politicking for the Next Elections: Due to the Labour Party movement in the Southeast and the need for the ruling party at the centre to gain more grounds, politicians and leaders in Abia might become preoccupied with preparing for the next elections soon after taking office. This early focus on political campaigns and securing future positions can divert attention and resources away from governance and addressing the immediate needs of the state’s residents. It may result in less effective governance and slower progress on important issues.
2. Ongoing Agitation in the Southeast: The Southeast region of Nigeria has experienced agitation and unrest in recent years, with various groups and movements expressing their grievances and demands. If not well managed, these ongoing tensions and protests could disrupt peace and stability in Abia State. It might create an environment of uncertainty that hampers economic activities, investments, and overall development efforts. Therefore, effectively addressing and managing these regional tensions is essential for continued progress in the state
Recommendations for Sustainable Progress
To ensure sustainable progress and growth and move Abia State to a positive outlook, the following recommendations should be considered:
1. Enhanced citizen Engagement: Abia State should prioritise engaging with its citizens through regular town hall meetings, consultations with key stakeholders, and transparent communication. Involving citizens in policymaking is essential for effective governance.
2. Political Solution for Agitation: The state government should engage with the federal government to find a lasting political solution to the ongoing agitation in the Southeast, fostering peace and stability.
3. Infrastructure Revolution: Commence an infrastructure revolution in the state using creative means such as concessions, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and project finance. This will enhance the state’s physical and economic development.
4. Strengthen Public Institutions: Pay attention to the traditional institutions and public service to ensure effective service delivery for the benefit of the public. Strengthening institutions is crucial for governance and development.
5. Maximise Domestic Trade: Improve tax reforms, enhance market access and development, and invest in transportation infrastructure to maximise opportunities for domestic trade. This will stimulate economic growth and create employment opportunities.
6. Inter-State Collaboration for Progress: Collaborate with other state governments across Nigeria, drawing lessons from states like Akwa Ibom, Jigawa, Kwara, Gombe, and Kogi in various areas such as infrastructure development, job creation, financial inclusion, public institution strengthening, and the preservation of social and cultural values. Learning from the experiences of successful states can help Abia State bridge gaps and achieve its development goals.
By implementing these recommendations and focusing on the identified areas of improvement, Abia State can further solidify its position as a prosperous and stable state within Nigeria, contributing to its continuous growth and development.
Fact Sheet
Internally Generated Revenue
18.65 B
Y-o-Y
-5%
Per Capital Income
943,526.99
Y-o-Y
10
PMS Price
643.13
Y-o-Y
248%
Budget Size
160.52 B
Y-o-Y
9
Capital Expenditure
45.42 B
Y-o-Y
4%
Operating Expenditure
54.88B
Y-o-Y
1
Inflation Rate
29%
Y-o-Y
32%
Unemployment Rate
50.10%
Y-o-Y
5
Poverty Rate
10.7%
Y-o-Y
-65%
Infant Mortality Rate
115
Y-o-Y
37%
Literacy Rate
89
Y-o-Y
-7%
FAAC Allocation
82.95 B
Y-o-Y
35%
Data Source
National Bureau of Statistics:
▪ FAAC Allocation – 2022
▪ Inflation rate – 2022 – 2023
▪ PMS Price – 2022/23 Q4
▪ GDP – 2021 & 2022
▪ Mineral resources The World Bank
▪ Ease of doing business report
Kingmakers State of States Report
▪ Population
▪ Employment rate
▪ Mortality rate
▪ Literacy rate
Statista
▪ Unemployment Rate – 2020
NGF Digital Repository
▪ Capital and Operating Expenditure
▪ IGR
▪ Domestic and Foreign Debts
State Government Websites
▪ Budget Sizes – 2022 & 2023
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