Imo
People
The people of Imo located in the southeastern region of Nigeria, are known for their rich cultural heritage, resilience, and entrepreneurial spirit. With a population of over 5 million people, Imo State houses various ethnic groups, including the Igbo, Ikwerre, and Owerri, each contributing to the state’s cultural diversity.
The Igbo people are the predominant ethnic group in Imo State, and they are known for their strong sense of identity, communal values, and industrious nature. Imo State is home to a diverse range of cultural festivals, ceremonies, and traditions that celebrate the community’s history, spirituality, and heritage. These include the New Yam Festival, the Igwu-Eke Festival, and the Ahiajoku Festival, which showcase the richness and diversity of Igbo culture through music, dance, masquerades, and storytelling. The people of Imo State are known for their resilience and entrepreneurial drive.
Culture
The culture of Imo State is rich, diverse, and deeply rooted in the traditions of the Igbo people, who form the majority ethnic group in the state. Igbo culture in Imo State consist of a wide range of customs, beliefs, and practices that have been passed down through generations.
One of the most prominent aspects of Igbo culture in Imo State is the traditional system of governance and social organization, which is based on extended family networks and clan affiliations. The community plays a central role in Igbo society, with decisions often made through consensus and communal participation. Additionally, the Igbo people in Imo State uphold a strong sense of cultural identity and pride, which is reflected in their language, attire, music, and cuisine.
Music and dance are parts of Igbo culture in Imo State, with various traditional instruments such as the Ekwe (wooden slit drum), Oja (flute), and Ogene (metal gong) being used during celebrations, ceremonies, and cultural events. Traditional dances like the Ekpe, NkwaUmuagbogho, and Mmanwu showcase the creativity, rhythm, and symbolism of Igbo culture, often accompanied by vibrant costumes, masks, and storytelling.
Furthermore, Igbo culture in Imo State is also celebrated through annual festivals and ceremonies that commemorate significant milestones, harvest seasons, and ancestral rites. These festivals include the New Yam Festival (Iri Ji Ohu), the Ikeji Festival, and the Iri Ji Mbaise, which bring communities together to offer prayers, make sacrifices, and partake in feasting, cultural displays, and traditional rituals.
Economy
The economy of Imo State is diverse and consist of various sectors, contributing to its overall development and growth. Agriculture plays a significant role in the state’s economy, with most of the population engaged in farming. Imo State is renowned for its fertile land, favorable climate, and abundant natural resources, which support the cultivation of crops such as cassava, yam, maize, rice, vegetables, and palm produce.
Imo State boasts a thriving commercial sector, with vibrant markets and trading activities occurring across the state. The state capital, Owerri, serves as a major hub for commerce, attracting businesses, investors, and entrepreneurs from within and outside the state. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) also play a vital role in the economy, contributing to job creation, wealth generation, and economic development.
Furthermore, Imo State is emerging as a destination for tourism and hospitality, thanks to its rich cultural heritage, natural attractions, and historical landmarks. Tourist sites such as the Oguta Lake, Mbari Cultural and Art Centre, and the Eze Imo Palace attract visitors seeking to explore the state’s cultural diversity and scenic beauty. The tourism industry in Imo State has the potential to create employment opportunities, generate revenue, and stimulate economic growth through hospitality services, entertainment, and recreational activities.
Initiatives such as the establishment of industrial parks, investment incentives, and infrastructural projects aim to attract investment, boost productivity, and foster sustainable economic development in the state. The economy of Imo State is dynamic and evolving, with immense potential for growth and prosperity across various sectors.
Politics
Politics in Imo State has witnessed significant changes and developments over the years, with various political parties and leaders playing pivotal roles in shaping its landscape. One of thefigures in Imo’s political history is Sam Mbakwe, who served as the first civilian governor of the state from 1979 to 1983 under the platform of the Nigeria Peoples Party (NPP) during the Nigerian Second Republic.
Following the restoration of democracy in 1999, Imo State saw a succession of governors from different political parties. Achike Udenwa, a member of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), served two terms as governor from 1999 to 2007, making significant contributions to the state’s development. He was succeeded by Ikedi Ohakim, also of the PDP, from 2007 to 2011.
Rochas Okorocha, a member of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) and later the All Progressives Congress (APC), served as governor from 2011 to 2019. Subsequently, Emeka Ihedioha of the PDP briefly held office as governor from May 29, 2019, until his removal by the Supreme Court on January 15, 2020. Hope Uzodinma, a member of the APC, assumed office following the Supreme Court’s declaration of him as the winner of the 2019 gubernatorial election and has been serving as governor since January 15, 2020, contributing to the state’s governance and development.
pcl. State Performance Index
The pcl. State Performance Index provides a comprehensive assessment of Abia State's overall performance, combining primary survey data with data from credible sources. In summary, Abia State achieved a PSPI Score of -0.32, ranking 36th out of 37 states with a BBB rating, indicating Under Performance.
Summary of Analysis
Abia State’s assessment reveals a sub-optimal utilisation of its socioeconomic potential, compounded by the pessimistic perspectives voiced by its citizens in our survey. This combined evaluation results in Abia State receiving a BB rating, indicating “under-performance,” and securing the 36th overall ranking. Abia State requires significant improvement across all other indicators except for literacy rate and the capital expenditure to budget ratio. Additionally, effective management of citizens’ perceptions of performance is crucial. Abia State should prioritise strengthening public institutions, investing in infrastructure, and fostering human capital development.
Outlook for Imo State: Positive
The outlook for Abia State remains positive, contingent upon several key factors:
1. Political Shift: The recent election victory of Mr Alex Otti from the Labour Party heralds a promising change in Abia State’s political landscape. The public’s optimism suggests a heightened focus on people-centric governance, potentially translating into improved overall administration.
2. Private Sector Expertise: Governor Alex Otti’s background in the private sector, notably as a seasoned banker, injects valuable expertise into the state’s leadership. While promising, potential conflicts with the public service require careful management to ensure effective collaboration and governance.
3. Innovative Local Governance: A groundbreaking shift in local governance sees accomplished individuals and former military leaders appointed as mayors, a departure from traditional political appointments. While not constitutionally mandated, this innovative approach aims to engage elites in government, fostering efficient local administration and promising prosperity.
4. Infrastructural Drive: The prioritisation of major road projects, including the Aba-Port Harcourt road constructed by Julius Berger, underscores the commitment to transformative infrastructure. Well-connected roads are vital for trade and hold the potential to drive holistic state development.
5. Resource Optimisation: Abia State possesses untapped resources, including gas reserves and a skilled workforce. Effective utilisation of these assets is a key driver for growth and could significantly impact the state’s economic outlook.
While the current positive outlook is a good starting point for Abia state, it is crucial to recognise and confront specific challenges that have the potential to hinder further progress. These challenges include:
1. Early Politicking for the Next Elections: Due to the Labour Party movement in the Southeast and the need for the ruling party at the centre to gain more grounds, politicians and leaders in Abia might become preoccupied with preparing for the next elections soon after taking office. This early focus on political campaigns and securing future positions can divert attention and resources away from governance and addressing the immediate needs of the state’s residents. It may result in less effective governance and slower progress on important issues.
2. Ongoing Agitation in the Southeast: The Southeast region of Nigeria has experienced agitation and unrest in recent years, with various groups and movements expressing their grievances and demands. If not well managed, these ongoing tensions and protests could disrupt peace and stability in Abia State. It might create an environment of uncertainty that hampers economic activities, investments, and overall development efforts. Therefore, effectively addressing and managing these regional tensions is essential for continued progress in the state
Recommendations for Sustainable Progress
To ensure sustainable progress and growth and move Abia State to a positive outlook, the following recommendations should be considered:
1. Enhanced citizen Engagement: Abia State should prioritise engaging with its citizens through regular town hall meetings, consultations with key stakeholders, and transparent communication. Involving citizens in policymaking is essential for effective governance.
2. Political Solution for Agitation: The state government should engage with the federal government to find a lasting political solution to the ongoing agitation in the Southeast, fostering peace and stability.
3. Infrastructure Revolution: Commence an infrastructure revolution in the state using creative means such as concessions, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and project finance. This will enhance the state’s physical and economic development.
4. Strengthen Public Institutions: Pay attention to the traditional institutions and public service to ensure effective service delivery for the benefit of the public. Strengthening institutions is crucial for governance and development.
5. Maximise Domestic Trade: Improve tax reforms, enhance market access and development, and invest in transportation infrastructure to maximise opportunities for domestic trade. This will stimulate economic growth and create employment opportunities.
6. Inter-State Collaboration for Progress: Collaborate with other state governments across Nigeria, drawing lessons from states like Akwa Ibom, Jigawa, Kwara, Gombe, and Kogi in various areas such as infrastructure development, job creation, financial inclusion, public institution strengthening, and the preservation of social and cultural values. Learning from the experiences of successful states can help Abia State bridge gaps and achieve its development goals.
By implementing these recommendations and focusing on the identified areas of improvement, Abia State can further solidify its position as a prosperous and stable state within Nigeria, contributing to its continuous growth and development.
Fact Sheet
Internally Generated Revenue
18.65 B
Y-o-Y
-5%
Per Capital Income
943,526.99
Y-o-Y
10
PMS Price
643.13
Y-o-Y
248%
Budget Size
160.52 B
Y-o-Y
9
Capital Expenditure
45.42 B
Y-o-Y
4%
Operating Expenditure
54.88B
Y-o-Y
1
Inflation Rate
29%
Y-o-Y
32%
Unemployment Rate
50.10%
Y-o-Y
5
Poverty Rate
10.7%
Y-o-Y
-65%
Infant Mortality Rate
115
Y-o-Y
37%
Literacy Rate
89
Y-o-Y
-7%
FAAC Allocation
82.95 B
Y-o-Y
35%
Data Source
National Bureau of Statistics:
▪ FAAC Allocation – 2022
▪ Inflation rate – 2022 – 2023
▪ PMS Price – 2022/23 Q4
▪ GDP – 2021 & 2022
▪ Mineral resources The World Bank
▪ Ease of doing business report
Kingmakers State of States Report
▪ Population
▪ Employment rate
▪ Mortality rate
▪ Literacy rate
Statista
▪ Unemployment Rate – 2020
NGF Digital Repository
▪ Capital and Operating Expenditure
▪ IGR
▪ Domestic and Foreign Debts
State Government Websites
▪ Budget Sizes – 2022 & 2023
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