Osun
People
Osun State, located in southwestern Nigeria, is bordered by Kwara and Ogun states to the north and south respectively, and by Ekiti and Oyo states to the west and east respectively. Established on August 27, 1991, the state derives its name from the vital River Osun, earning the title “The State of Living Spring.” Covering a total area of 3300km², Osogbo serves as its capital. Among Nigeria’s 36 states, Osun ranks as the ninth smallest in area and nineteenth most populous, boasting an estimated population of about 4.7 million as of 2016. Notably, women constitute a large number of the population, while men comprises a little lessaccording to data. The state’s ethnic makeup comprises diverse groups, including Osun, Ifes, Ijesas, and Igbominas.
Culture
Osun State is predominantly inhabited by the Yoruba people, including the Ibolo, Ifẹ, Igbomina, Ijesha, and Oyo subgroups. Besides indigenes, non-indigenes from various parts of Nigeria and foreigners also reside in the state, contributing to its rich cultural tapestry. The struggle for Osun’s autonomy dates to 1950, when traditional rulers and citizens petitioned the British Colonial Administration for independence. As a result, Osogbo emerged as the proposed headquarters for the envisioned Osun Division. Yoruba and English serve as the official languages, facilitating official and business transactions. Osun embodies a multi-religious environment, with Islam, Christianity, and indigenous worship practices coexisting harmoniously.
Every year, individuals, both adherents and non-adherents of Osun, one of the traditional deities of the Yoruba people, gather from various parts of the world to participate in the annual Osun-Osogbo festival held in August. Among the attendees are people from countries like Brazil, Cuba, Trinidad, Grenada, and other nations with a strong Yoruba cultural heritage in the Americas. The festival features traditional rituals and ceremonies dedicated to the Osun goddess, conducted along the banks of the river named after her, where, according to Yoruba tradition, she underwent a transformation. Recognized for its significance, the Ọsun-ỌsogboGrove, serving as the focal point for these rituals and an important artistic center, was designated as a World Heritage Site in 2005.
Economy
According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Osun state boasts a total GDP of $7.3 billion, placing it among Nigeria’s top 14 states by GDP. However, it ranks as the second lowest in the South-West region, surpassing only Ekiti state. International Breweries, the state’s largest employer and major contributor to internal generated revenue (IGR), operates as the single biggest manufacturing operation in Osun. Agriculture forms the cornerstone of the state’s economy, with major crops including yams, cassava, maize, beans, and fruits. Osun is also renowned for its tourist attractions, reflecting its rich history and Yoruba cultural heritage. The state boasts a robust educational system, with numerous primary and secondary schools, technical colleges, and universities.
The state consists of numerous industrial estates and manufacturing companies, particularly in areas like Agbara, Ota, and Sagamu. These industrial hubs are home to a wide range of industries, including food processing, textiles, cement production, automotive assembly, and pharmaceuticals. Ogun State’s strategic location near Lagos, Nigeria’s commercial capital, and its well-developed transportation infrastructure make it an attractive destination for industrial investment.Commerce and trade thrive in Ogun State, with its proximity to Lagos providing access to one of Africa’s largest consumer markets. The state boasts bustling markets, shopping complexes, and trade hubs, with major towns like Abeokuta, Sagamu, and Ijebu-Ode serving as commercial centers. Additionally, Ogun State is home to several border towns, facilitating cross-border trade with neighboring countries such as Benin Republic and Togo.
Politics
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) inaugurated Governor Ademola Nurudeen Adeleke as the 6th Executive Governor of Osun State on November 27th, 2022, following his victory in the July 16, 2022, Governorship election. Gboyega Oyetola of the All-Progressives Congress (APC) contested the election but lost to Adeleke from the People Democratic Party (PDP). Past governors include Leo Segun Ajiborisha, Isiaka Adeleke, Bisi Akande, Olagunsoye Oyinlola, Rauf Aregbesola, and Gboyega Oyetola. Ademola Jackson Nurudeen Adeleke succeeded Oyetola as the state’s sixth governor after winning the gubernatorial election.
Historically, Leo Segun Ajiborisha served as the first administrator of Osun State from its inception until the transition to civilian rule in 1992. Isiaka Adeleke served as the first civilian governor from 1992 to 1993. Anthony Udofia’s tenure as the second administrator lasted from 1993 to 1994, while Anthony Obi served as the third administrator from 1994 to 1996. Theophilus Bamgboye governed as the fourth administrator from 1996 to 1998. Bisi Akande served as the first executive governor of Osun State from 1999 to 2003. OlagunsoyeOyinlola succeeded him and governed from 2003 to 2010. Rauf Aregbesola served as the governor from 2010 to 2018, and Gboyega Oyetola took office as the governor in 2018. Ademola Jackson Nurudeen Adeleke was sworn in as the state’s sixth governor on November 27, 2022 under the PDP.
pcl. State Performance Index
The pcl. State Performance Index provides a comprehensive assessment of Abia State's overall performance, combining primary survey data with data from credible sources. In summary, Abia State achieved a PSPI Score of -0.32, ranking 36th out of 37 states with a BBB rating, indicating Under Performance.
Summary of Analysis
Abia State’s assessment reveals a sub-optimal utilisation of its socioeconomic potential, compounded by the pessimistic perspectives voiced by its citizens in our survey. This combined evaluation results in Abia State receiving a BB rating, indicating “under-performance,” and securing the 36th overall ranking. Abia State requires significant improvement across all other indicators except for literacy rate and the capital expenditure to budget ratio. Additionally, effective management of citizens’ perceptions of performance is crucial. Abia State should prioritise strengthening public institutions, investing in infrastructure, and fostering human capital development.
Outlook for Osun State: Positive
The outlook for Abia State remains positive, contingent upon several key factors:
1. Political Shift: The recent election victory of Mr Alex Otti from the Labour Party heralds a promising change in Abia State’s political landscape. The public’s optimism suggests a heightened focus on people-centric governance, potentially translating into improved overall administration.
2. Private Sector Expertise: Governor Alex Otti’s background in the private sector, notably as a seasoned banker, injects valuable expertise into the state’s leadership. While promising, potential conflicts with the public service require careful management to ensure effective collaboration and governance.
3. Innovative Local Governance: A groundbreaking shift in local governance sees accomplished individuals and former military leaders appointed as mayors, a departure from traditional political appointments. While not constitutionally mandated, this innovative approach aims to engage elites in government, fostering efficient local administration and promising prosperity.
4. Infrastructural Drive: The prioritisation of major road projects, including the Aba-Port Harcourt road constructed by Julius Berger, underscores the commitment to transformative infrastructure. Well-connected roads are vital for trade and hold the potential to drive holistic state development.
5. Resource Optimisation: Abia State possesses untapped resources, including gas reserves and a skilled workforce. Effective utilisation of these assets is a key driver for growth and could significantly impact the state’s economic outlook.
While the current positive outlook is a good starting point for Abia state, it is crucial to recognise and confront specific challenges that have the potential to hinder further progress. These challenges include:
1. Early Politicking for the Next Elections: Due to the Labour Party movement in the Southeast and the need for the ruling party at the centre to gain more grounds, politicians and leaders in Abia might become preoccupied with preparing for the next elections soon after taking office. This early focus on political campaigns and securing future positions can divert attention and resources away from governance and addressing the immediate needs of the state’s residents. It may result in less effective governance and slower progress on important issues.
2. Ongoing Agitation in the Southeast: The Southeast region of Nigeria has experienced agitation and unrest in recent years, with various groups and movements expressing their grievances and demands. If not well managed, these ongoing tensions and protests could disrupt peace and stability in Abia State. It might create an environment of uncertainty that hampers economic activities, investments, and overall development efforts. Therefore, effectively addressing and managing these regional tensions is essential for continued progress in the state
Recommendations for Sustainable Progress
To ensure sustainable progress and growth and move Abia State to a positive outlook, the following recommendations should be considered:
1. Enhanced citizen Engagement: Abia State should prioritise engaging with its citizens through regular town hall meetings, consultations with key stakeholders, and transparent communication. Involving citizens in policymaking is essential for effective governance.
2. Political Solution for Agitation: The state government should engage with the federal government to find a lasting political solution to the ongoing agitation in the Southeast, fostering peace and stability.
3. Infrastructure Revolution: Commence an infrastructure revolution in the state using creative means such as concessions, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and project finance. This will enhance the state’s physical and economic development.
4. Strengthen Public Institutions: Pay attention to the traditional institutions and public service to ensure effective service delivery for the benefit of the public. Strengthening institutions is crucial for governance and development.
5. Maximise Domestic Trade: Improve tax reforms, enhance market access and development, and invest in transportation infrastructure to maximise opportunities for domestic trade. This will stimulate economic growth and create employment opportunities.
6. Inter-State Collaboration for Progress: Collaborate with other state governments across Nigeria, drawing lessons from states like Akwa Ibom, Jigawa, Kwara, Gombe, and Kogi in various areas such as infrastructure development, job creation, financial inclusion, public institution strengthening, and the preservation of social and cultural values. Learning from the experiences of successful states can help Abia State bridge gaps and achieve its development goals.
By implementing these recommendations and focusing on the identified areas of improvement, Abia State can further solidify its position as a prosperous and stable state within Nigeria, contributing to its continuous growth and development.
Fact Sheet
Internally Generated Revenue
18.65 B
Y-o-Y
-5%
Per Capital Income
943,526.99
Y-o-Y
10
PMS Price
643.13
Y-o-Y
248%
Budget Size
160.52 B
Y-o-Y
9
Capital Expenditure
45.42 B
Y-o-Y
4%
Operating Expenditure
54.88B
Y-o-Y
1
Inflation Rate
29%
Y-o-Y
32%
Unemployment Rate
50.10%
Y-o-Y
5
Poverty Rate
10.7%
Y-o-Y
-65%
Infant Mortality Rate
115
Y-o-Y
37%
Literacy Rate
89
Y-o-Y
-7%
FAAC Allocation
82.95 B
Y-o-Y
35%
Data Source
National Bureau of Statistics:
▪ FAAC Allocation – 2022
▪ Inflation rate – 2022 – 2023
▪ PMS Price – 2022/23 Q4
▪ GDP – 2021 & 2022
▪ Mineral resources The World Bank
▪ Ease of doing business report
Kingmakers State of States Report
▪ Population
▪ Employment rate
▪ Mortality rate
▪ Literacy rate
Statista
▪ Unemployment Rate – 2020
NGF Digital Repository
▪ Capital and Operating Expenditure
▪ IGR
▪ Domestic and Foreign Debts
State Government Websites
▪ Budget Sizes – 2022 & 2023
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